The concept of state security from the Peace of Westphalia until the late 1990s was mainly defined on the basis of military conflicts between states, and permanent or temporary supranational ensembles. This has considerably changed since the end of the Cold War. The issues that have been attracting attention most especially in the West, have been non-state armed organizations and uncontrolled human mobility.
Conflicts that are based on ethnic, cultural and religious differences have been particularly emerging almost overnight in the course of the last thirty years, which has started to undermine the notion of a multi-cultural society, in a way validating Huntington’s “clash of civilizations” prediction (1993).
